ISSUE: lack of <oc> tags in the DCE There are +/- two dozen words in the Glossary that have been flagged as Occitan or having Occitan connections (all listed below with their full glossary entry). However, very few of those terms appear to have been tagged consistently with <oc> tags across the DCE.
TASK: 1) determine whether the words in the list below actually merit being marked up as occitan 2) search for those words in the TCN add tags across all three versions (TC/TCN/TL). 3) Add translation using editorial comment
All words with an Occitan connection:
[ ] Ambu (m., Occitan and Middle Fr. embut) = “funnel” (Bavarian dictionary of medieval Occitan DOM, DMF, Cotgrave). Embut is mainly used in Occitan, and synonymous of French “entonnoir” (also arbudel, diminutive). Doujat, Dictionnaire de la langue toulousaine, p. 92 (and 26). Examples in French also tend to be from the South.
[ ] Armol (m., Occitan) = “orach”, i.e. Atriplex hortensis Sauvatges, 1, p. 28; D’Hombres-Charvet, 1, p. 69.
[ ] Autan, haultan (Occitan autan) = “Autan wind”, i.e. SW/SSW wind Haultan, f. 13v, is an alternative spelling, Frenchified by the author.
[ ] Avelane (f., Occitan avelana) = “hazelnut” 116v (MHS)
[ ] Benarri, benarrin (m., occitan) = keep Fr., i.e. ortolan J. Doujat, Dict. langue toulousaine, p. 37; Salerne, L’histoire naturelle éclaircie, Paris 1767, p. 298.
[ ] Bornat (m., Occitan, Saintonge bournat, Old and Middle Fr. bournal, bornal, etc.) = “honeycomb”, secondarily beehive Cotgrave: ‘Bornal de miel: a honeycombe”. — Dictionnaire provençal-français 1846: Bornat, ‘Ruche faite avec un panier d’osier ou de paille, en forme de cloche’. Bournat in Saintonge according to Godefroy, under Bournal. NB: this term also came up in #587
[ ] Cedas (Occitan cedas, sedas) = “hair sieve” Sauvages, Dictionnaire languedocien-français, 2, p. 156
[ ] Creuset, creuseau (m., Fr.), crusol (m., Occitan) = “crucible” Cotgrave has separate entries for Creuset and Crusol/Cruzeul. The MS also has some hybrid forms (MHS)
[ ] Cussonner (Occitan) = “to become weeviled”, i.e. weevil-infested, of grain See Les mots de Toulouse: lexique du français toulousain. Only on p088r_5 (CD TT). — Cotgrave only says “worm-eaten” which, by analogy, applies to wood, but is irrelevant here (MHS 2018).
[ ] Enssus, à l’ (adv. phrase, Occitan) = “upwards”. Doujat, Dictionnaire de la langue toulousaine, p. 99. Equivalent to Fr. “en sus” (without: à l’), also used in Fr. 640 (f. 94v…)
[ ] Espasier (m., Occitan) = “furbisher” or swordsmith. On p011v_3, it seems to be used in the sense of furbisher, as the making of blades is not mentioned. See Provenzalisches Supplement-Wörterbuch. (Confirmed with JT 2018.)
[ ] Estoc (m. mod. étau) = “vice” An Occitan word for Fr. étau, see panOccitan. p095r_1 (CD TT)
[ ] Havets (m. pl., Occitan àbets) = “chaff” (p037v) http://www.etymologie-occitane.fr/2011/06/abes-abet/
[ ] Mudat (ppl. Occitan) = “move” (p009v) https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4170z/f169.item
[ ] Parayre (m., Occitan) = “fuller”, i.e. a profession employed in finishing cloth using fine clay. See also: Terre des parayres
[ ] Pegue (f., Occitan, Fr. poix) = “pitch” C. Buecheler 06/19/15: A question about this: in (modern) English, pitch is defined as black or dark (OED), which is not apparently the case for Cotgrave (cf. poix blanche de Bourgogne, etc.). Additionally, some "poix" is used in 074v to make a white varnish, suggesting it may be rather light in color. Is there a confusion with the translation "pitch"? Reply - PHS 06/05/16: when it runs from trees, it is often clear...I think pitch probably ok
[ ] Pomole (f., Occitan paoumoulo, mod. Fr. paumelle) = keep Fr. “pomole”, i.e. a type of barley (9r). The Fr. word is derived from Occitan.
[ ] Puys rodier (m., Occitan) = keep Fr. Fr. form of the Occitan word for a type of well operated with a wheel or wheels. Origines de la langue françoise (1650)
[ ] Saba (f., Occitan, mod. Fr. sève) = “sap” (87v) (http://www.micmap.org/dicfro/search/littre/s%C3%A9ve)
[ ] Sernaille (f., Occitan sarnalha) = “sand lizard”, i.e. Lacerta agilis See Raynouard, Lexique; Moreux & Razou, Les mots de Toulouse, p. 516; Vavassori, A bisto de nas. Rolland, Faune populaire… (MHS)
[ ] Viron, biron (m., Occitan) = “gimlet” — CHECK spelling, the variant English form “gimblet” seems to have been used when translating guimbelet (MHS 2018) Possibly an alternative Occitan name for the tool that the author usually calls “guimbelet”, 168r (MHS). Appears first as Biron (Gascon pronunciation) then Viron on the same page. NB The word is not unknown in northern French, but rare and archaic (one example from Flanders 1396 in DMF, unrecorded in TLFi), and the “biron” form is clearly regional.
[ ] Visaube or bisaube, initial uncertain (f., Occitan) = keep in Fr.? i.e. probably white briony, Bryonia alba. Fol. 15v_6. From Latin vitis alba (see Mémoire de la Société archéologique et historique de la Charente p. 248, — date? wrong link removed by MHS), used in Occitan and in the French dialect of the Saintonge (See Glossaire saintongeais 1887, and Revue critique d’histoire et de littérature 1866, p. 27, which lists “visaube” among 200 words used by farmers from Saintonge). Described by Pliny (See Nouveau Dictionnaire d’histoire naturelle appliquée aux arts, 1819). (CD TT). The spelling bisaube would reflect the Gascon pronunciation.
[ ] Visme (m. Occitan, mod. vime) = a species of willow (often salix viminalis), employed for basket making, wicker, and thatch, among other uses. It is Occitan word for the French “osier,” cultivated along the Garonne. Sometimes called “withy” or “osier” in English. (http://www.etymologie-occitane.fr/2011/11/vim/) (SM, 7/3/2018). See also Arnauld Landric, Advertissement et manière d'enter asseurément les arbres en toute saison de l'année, la vigne sur son sarment, planter sauvageaux et autres, 1580.
I also changed the TL on 13v, from "Candlemakers never make good candle when the Autan wind blows because it is always melty" to "Candlemakers never make good candles when the Autan wind blows because the candle always tends to melt" – the "it" in the previous TL was ambiguous in the English, whereas in the French it's clear from the grammatical gender that it refers to the candle (therefore no sup tags required). And "melty" just sounds too informal.
The only issue there is to, perhaps, NOT tag that pseudo-supped "candle" as a tool—as we always do with every instance of candle—since we can't consistently tag across all three versions. I'm sure that problem partly motivated the "it is always melty" translation.
On Wed, May 22, 2019 at 10:03 PM Tillmann Taape notifications@github.com wrote:
I also changed the TL on 13v, from "Candlemakers never make good candle when the Autan wind blows because it is always melty" to "Candlemakers never make good candles when the Autan wind blows because the candle always tends to melt" – the "it" in the previous TL was ambiguous in the English, whereas in the French it's clear from the grammatical gender that it refers to the candle (therefore no sup tags required). And "melty" just sounds too informal.
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